ABS: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) shine filastik wanda shine terpolymer, polymer wanda ya ƙunshi monomers uku daban -daban. ABS an yi shi ta hanyar polymerizing styrene da acrylonitrile a gaban polybutadiene. Acrylonitrile shine monomer na roba wanda ya ƙunshi propylene da ammoniya yayin da butadiene shine hydrocarbon na mai, kuma monomer styrene an yi shi ta hanyar dehydrogeneration na ethyl benzene. Dehydrogenation shine maganin sinadarai wanda ya haɗa da cire hydrogen daga kwayoyin halitta kuma shine juzu'in hydrogenation. Dehydrogenation yana jujjuya alkanes, waɗanda ba su da ƙima kuma don haka ba su da ƙima, zuwa olefins (gami da alkenes), waɗanda ke aiki kuma don haka sun fi ƙima. Ana amfani da hanyoyin dehydrogeneration da yawa don samar da ƙanshin ƙanshi da styrene a masana'antar mai. Akwai iri biyu: Oneaya shine don extrusion na siffofi ɗayan kuma thermoplastic da ake amfani da shi don samfuran da aka ƙera. Abubuwan ABS yawanci rabin salatin ne tare da sauran daidaita tsakanin butadiene da acrylonitrile. ABS yana haɗuwa da kyau tare da wasu kayan kamar polyvinylchloride, polycarbonate, da polysulphones. Waɗannan gauraya suna ba da izinin fasali da aikace -aikace masu yawa.

A tarihi, an fara haɓaka ABS a lokacin WWII a matsayin maye gurbin roba. Kodayake ba ta da amfani a cikin wannan aikace -aikacen, amma ya zama ya yadu ga aikace -aikacen kasuwanci a cikin shekarun 1950. A yau ana amfani da ABS a cikin rukunin aikace -aikace daban -daban gami da kayan wasa. Misali, ana yin tubalan LEGO® daga ciki saboda yana da nauyi kuma yana da ɗorewa sosai. Hakanan yin gyare-gyare a yanayin zafi yana haɓaka ƙyalli da juriya na kayan yayin yin gyare-gyare a yanayin zafi yana haifar da tsayayyar tasiri da ƙarfi.

ABS amorphous ne, wanda ke nufin ba shi da zazzabi mai narkewa na gaske amma a maimakon zafin zafin canzawa na gilashi wanda kusan 105◦C ko 221◦F. Yana da zafin zafin zafin sabis na daga -20◦C zuwa 80◦C (-4◦F zuwa 176◦ F). Yana ƙonewa lokacin da aka nuna shi zuwa yanayin zafi mai zafi kamar waɗanda wuta ta buɗe. Da farko za ta narke, sannan ta tafasa, sannan ta fashe da matsanancin harshen wuta yayin da filastik ɗin ke kumbura. Amfaninta shine cewa yana da kwanciyar hankali mai girma kuma yana nuna tauri ko da a yanayin zafi. Wani hasara shine lokacin ƙona ABS zai haifar da haɓaka hayaƙi.

ABS yana da tsayayya da sunadarai. Yana tsayayya da acid mai ruwa, alkalis, da acid phosphoric, abubuwan da aka tara na hydrochloric alcohols da dabbobi, kayan lambu da mai na ma'adinai. Amma ABS yana fuskantar mummunan hari daga wasu masu narkewa. Tsawaita tuntuɓar kamshi mai ƙanshi, ketones da esters baya haifar da sakamako mai kyau. Yana da iyaka juriya yanayi. Lokacin da ABS ke ƙonewa, yana haifar da hayaƙi mai yawa. Hasken rana kuma yana ƙasƙantar da ABS. Aikace -aikacensa a cikin maɓallin keɓaɓɓiyar bel na motoci ya haifar da mafi girma kuma mafi tsada a cikin tarihin Amurka. ABS yana tsayayya da abubuwa iri -iri da suka haɗa da acid mai ɗimbin yawa, acid mai narkewa da alkalis. Yana aiki mara kyau tare da aromatic da halogenated hydrocarbons.

Mafi mahimmancin halayen ABS sune tasirin-juriya da tauri. Hakanan ana iya sarrafa ABS don haka farfajiyar tayi sheki. Masu yin kayan wasan yara suna amfani da shi saboda waɗannan halayen. Tabbas, kamar yadda aka ambata, ɗaya daga cikin sanannun masu amfani da ABS shine LEGO® don kayan kwalliyar kayan wasan su masu launi. Hakanan ana amfani da shi don yin kayan kida, shugabannin kulob na golf, na'urorin likitanci don samun damar jini, rigar kariya, kwale -kwale na ruwa, kaya, da akwatunan ɗaukar kaya.

Shin ABS mai guba ne?

ABS ba shi da lahani saboda ba shi da sanannun carcinogens, kuma babu sanannun illolin kiwon lafiya da ke da alaƙa da bayyanar da ABS. Wancan ya ce, ABS yawanci bai dace da shigar da likitocin ba.

Menene kaddarorin ABS?

ABS yana da ƙarfi sosai, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake amfani dashi a cikin abubuwa kamar gidajen kamara, ɗakunan kariya, da kuma tattarawa. Idan kuna buƙatar rahusa, mai ƙarfi, filastik mai ƙarfi wanda ke riƙe da tasirin tasirin waje, ABS zaɓi ne mai kyau.